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From: "zero g art-lab rotterdam" <[email protected]>
Subject: zeroG artlab rotterdam: {BULLETIN-10/02/00}
Date: Thu, 10 Feb 2000 18:03:28 +0100
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zeroG artlab rotterdam: {BULLETIN}
date: 10/02/00
__________________________________________________________
T.O.C.
01 WEB-EVENT: TRANS-PORTS
02 THE VIRTUAL HOUSE OF 'DE STIJL'
03a MAJOR FLARE ERUPTS ON SUN - EARTH SAFE
03b FOLKLOR-THE HISTORY OF DOS
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01
WEB-EVENT ON 24.02.00
TRANS-PORTS, DATA-DRIVEN ARCHITECTURE BY KAS OOSTERHUIS AND OLE BOUMAN
http://www.trans-ports.com & at NAi (Netherlands Architecture Institute)
http://www.nai.nl
website of Kas Oosterhuis: http://www.oosterhuis.nl/
for more info: mailto:[email protected]
"... On Thursday February 24, the project 'trans-ports: data-run
architecture' by Kas Oosterhuis and Ole Bouman will be presented in the
Netherlands Architecture Institute (NAI). Despite experiments with flexible
building systems, current architecture is predominantly static. If Ole
Bouman and Kas Oosterhuis have their way, that won't last much longer. At
least, not exclusively. They are developing an architecture that literally
moves, giving a totally different and flexible meaning to concepts of time
and space. An architecture in constant communication with architecture
elsewhere, in which distance is no longer a relevant factor. They are
working on trans-ports: an interactive pavilion, in a physical and Internet
version, with a permanent exchange between the two. Is it an object? Does it
have a shape? Does it have a programme?
These and numerous other questions at the heart of architecture are posed in
trans-ports. The project will officially be presented at a web event on
February 24. After lectures by Kas Oosterhuis and Ole Bouman, a number of
international participants will come together in virtual space and
demonstrate the principle of trans-ports. The international participants
are: Marcos Novak (USA), Makoto Sei Watanabe (Japan), Ted Kruger (USA) and
Leonel Moura (Portugal).
Come to the NAI auditorium at 3 p.m. on February 24, 2000, or go to
www.trans-ports.com at that time.
Architecture without limits That's how we've always known architecture:
motionless; providing someone or something with a place; and if nothing
happened, it was the same for everybody. No matter how 'fast' buildings
were, how up-to-date, high-tech or functional, not a single building was
beyond the scope of time, place or action. Architecture therefore remained a
static, classical, and material discipline.
Yet owing to the rise of information technology, the notion of one single
measurable reality has been seriously called into question. Space is
disintegrating. Network technology allows an action to take effect at many
geographical points at the same time. And sensor, display, and interface
technology can effect a mixing or doubling of a situation. In other words,
an action is no longer confined to a single location, nor to one moment in
time. Action, therefore, acquires a new, hybrid character.
Because architecture has always been so closely associated with the physical
world, digitalization has as yet only had a marginal influence on it. Even
though design work is done on computer, and partners to the building process
communicate digitally, and even though climate control in buildings is
managed by a network, the core of architecture has nevertheless always been
that the object stands still, has a final form, and accommodates a
programme. The question emphatically posed by trans-ports is: for how long?
..."
PROGRAM:
beginning: 03.00 PM
opening by Kristin Freireiss, director NAi
introduction by Ole Bouman
info on modes of trans-ports & web based real time evolution game by Kas
Oosterhuis
WEB-EVENT WITH:
Marcos Novak (usa)
Makoto Sei Watanabe (japan)
Ted Krueger (usa)
Leonel Moura (portugal)
address:
Nederlands Architectuurinstituut - Museumpark 25 - 3015 CB Rotterdam
__________________________________________________________
02
THE VIRTUAL HOUSE OF DE STIJL
exhibition
opening: February 18 at 05.30 PM
at Netherlands Architecture Institute - Museumpark 25 - 3015 CB Rotterdam -
NL
open: from February 19 until April 16, 2000
The exhibition The Virtual House of De Stijl in the Balcony Room of the
Netherlands Architecture Institute (NAI) attempts to draw a link between the
architectural experimentation of Theo van Doesburg and Cor van Eesteren in
1923 and the explorations into 'newspace' on the computer by today's
architectural avant-garde. Van Doesburg and Van Eesteren gave form to a new
spatial dimension in architecture and illustrated that in three house
designs made for a special De Stijl exhibition in Paris: Rosenberg House,
Maison Particulière and Maison d'Artiste. These projects were intended as a
public demonstration of a new architectural aesthetic. In the exhibition
these house designs will be brought up to date by literally placing them
inside 'new space': a 3D design by architect Lars Spuybroek.
modernism and 'transmodernism' The exhibition reveals surprising parallels
between early modernism and current 'transmodernism', the connecting lines
between them being electricity, light, image, space and time. This
confrontation between the work of the pioneers of 'time-space' and their
kindred spirits of today not only illuminates an historical episode but also
can clarify the contemporary discussion about computer-generated spaces.
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03
selected & forwarded by: zeroG artlab rotterdam
FRESH FROM MNEWS THE HAGUE
mnews is a dutch newsgroup
contact mnews: mailto:[email protected]
earlier bulletins of mnews from the MATEOR website>
http:/www.mateor.nl/kabubah
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MAJOR FLARE ERUPTS ON SUN
By BBC News Online science editor Dr David Whitehouse
A major solar flare erupted on the north-east limb of the Sun on
Saturday. It was one of the largest and brightest optical flares
seen in recent years, according to data from the US National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Space Environment
Centre.
It was followed by the ejection of billions of tonnes of
super-hot gas. This was not directed at Earth but the increasing
activity raises the possibility that a future eruption could
damage satellites and communications and power supplies on Earth.
The flare was extremely bright The flare was extremely bright It
was caused by the upwelling of magnetic fields from beneath the
Sun's surface. The magnetic fields, arranged in so-called
flux-tubes, become filled with super-hot gas.
Eventually the flux-tubes become distorted to the point of
breakdown. When this happens a vast amount of energy is
explosively liberated in a solar flare.
B for brilliant
The flare spewed out radiation right across the electromagnetic
spectrum. For optical light intensity, it got the maximum rating
of "B" (for brilliant).
And in terms of high-energy X-rays, the flare was in the most
powerful "X"-class. The Goes 8 satellite detected the bright
surge which emitted ten million times more energy than a volcanic
explosion.
However, solar physicists point out that this size of blast
represents less than one-tenth of the total energy emitted by the
Sun every second.
Solar flares become more common during sunspot maximum. The
current sunspot cycle is predicted to peak in mid-2000, and
remain high for at least a year.
Complex magnetic field
Although the 5 February solar flare was big and bright, it did
not come from a particularly impressive sunspot group. Active
region 8858, the site of the flare, covers just 200 millionths of
the solar disk.
However, its magnetic field is complex, exhibiting strong
gradients that make it a likely site for flare activity. Space
weather forecasters expect the region to continue developing in
the coming days. If that happens, we could be in for more major
flares.
Just after the solar flare, the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory (Soho) satellite recorded a dramatic coronal mass
ejection (CME) travelling approximately 500 kilometres per second
away from the Sun. This material had been propelled away from the
Sun by the flare's energy.
Earth safe
The ejected material does not appear to be headed for Earth and
therefore posses not threat to disrupt communications. However,
if the active region produces further ejections in the coming
week, they could reach the Earth.
CME's can carry up to 10 billion tons of super-hot ionised gas at
speeds as high as 2000 km/s. When they collide directly with
Earth they can cause so-called geomagnetic storms, which have
been linked to satellite communication failures.
In extreme cases, such storms can induce electric currents in the
Earth and oceans that can interfere with or even damage electric
power transmission equipment.
[source:BBC.co.uk]
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FINALLY! THE HISTORY OF DOS!
In May 1979, the American company 'Seattle Computer Products'
made a plug-in printcard to the S-100 bus computer, that used the
Intel 8086 processer. One of the first of these cards, was placed
at the disposal of Micro$oft. This small company was known for
their BASIC for the CP/M operating system. About two weeks later,
at the National Computer Conference in New York, they showed a
BASIC version for the Intel 8086 processer. In november 1979 the
sale of these cards began. Seattle Computer Products now waited
for Digital Research (actually, they had the somewhat pretentious
name of "Intergalactic Digital Research" at the time), to release
a new version of their operating system - CP/M. Half a year later
the release of a new CP/M was not in sight, so Seattle decided,
in April 1980, to make its own operating system. In August 1980,
Seattle started selling the first version of that new O/S, named
'QDOS v0.10'. It was fast and dirty, but it worked.
(QDOS=Quick'n'Dirty Operating System.) In about October 1980, IBM
began searching the market for an operating system for the
yet-to-be-introduced new IBM PC. IBM had originally intended to
use Digital Research's CP/M - then the industry standard
operating system - you either ran a BASIC with disk functions,
someone's OS, or CP/M. Folklore reports various stories about the
rift between DRI and IBM. The most popular story claims Gary
Kildall or DRI snubbed the IBM executives by flying his airplane
when the meeting was scheduled. Another story claims Kildall
didn't want to release the source for CP/M to IBM, which would be
odd, since they released it to other companies. One noted
industry pundit claims Kildall's wife killed the deal by
insisting on various contract changes. I suspect the deal was
killed by the good ol' boy network. It's hard to imagine a couple
of junior IBM executives giving up when ordered to a task as
simple as licensing an operating system from a vendor. It
wouldn't look good on their performance reports. It would be
interesting to hear IBM's story... Well IBM then talked to
Micro$oft. Micro$oft was a language vendor. Bill Gates and Paul
Allen had written BASIC and were selling it on punched tape or
disk. Micro$oft had no real 8086 operating system to sell, but
quickly made a deal to license 'Seattle Computer Products', now
newly released 86-DOS v0.30 (QDOS was renamed to 86-DOS)
operating system to IBM. 86-DOS v0.30 was approximately 4000 line
of code. This code was quickly polished up and presented to IBM
for evaluation. IBM found itself left with Micro$oft's offering
of "Micro$oft Disk Operating System 1.0". An agreement was
reached between the two, and IBM agreed to accept 86-DOS as the
main operating system for their new PC. Micro$oft purchased all
rights to 86-DOS in July 1981 (Now at 86-DOS v1.0, released by
Seattle in April 1981) and "IBM Personal Computer DOS 1.0" was
ready for the introduction of the IBM PC in October 1981. IBM
subjected the operating system to an extensive quality-assurance
program, reportedly found well over 300 bugs, and decided to
rewrite the programs. This is why PC-DOS is copyrighted by both
IBM and Micro$oft. Some early OEM versions of DOS had different
names, such as Compaq-DOS, Z-DOS, Software Bus86, etc. By version
2.0 Micro$oft managed to persuade everyone but IBM to refer to
the product as "MS-DOS". Although everyboby refers to IBM DOS as
PC-DOS, this is not correct. Incidentally, IBM refers to its DOS
as "The IBM Personal Computer DOS." The term "PC-DOS" is a
trademark of IBM's rival DEC. It is sometimes amusing to reflect
on the fact that the IBM PC was not originally intended to run
MS-DOS. The target operating system at the end of the development
was for a (not yet in existence) 8086 version of CP/M. On the
other hand, when DOS was originally written the IBM PC did not
yet exist! Although PC-DOS was bundled with the computer, Digital
Research's CP/M-86 would probably have been the main operating
system for the PC except for two things - Digital Research wanted
$495 for CP/M-86 (considering PC-DOS was essentially free) and
many software developers found it easier to port existing CP/M
software to DOS than to the new version of CP/M. The IBM PC
shipped without an operating system. IBM didn't start bundling
DOS until the second generation AT/339 came out (PC-DOS v1.1 =
MS-DOS v1.24). You could order one of three operating systems for
your PC, assuming you popped for the optional disk drive and 64K
RAM upgrade (base models had 16K and a cassette player port).
These operating systems were IBM Personal Computer DOS 1.0, a
version of the UCSD P-System, which was an integrated Pascal
operating system something like the souped-up BASIC operating
systems used by the Commodore 64 and others, or Digital
Research's CP/M-86, which was officially an option although you
couldn't buy it until later. Since IBM's $39.95 DOS was far
cheaper than anyone else's alternative, darned near everyone
bought DOS. The first buyable MS-DOS version is v1.25 from July
1982. Micro$oft sold this version to every computer producer who
showed interest. v1.25 is the same as PC-DOS v1.10 and MS-DOS
v1.24. Allthough the O/S offered by Micro$oft to IBM was called
MS-DOS v1.00, it was never released to the public. MS-DOS v1.00
is 86-DOS v0.3.
The upgrade from DOS 3.3 to 4.0 was done in-house by IBM. DOS 4.0
was a completely IBM product, later licensed back to Micro$oft.
In early 1990 IBM announced that it was ceasing development of
DOS and all further work would be done solely by Micro$oft. IBM's
PC-DOS was long considered to be the "standard" version of DOS.
Now that MS DOS 5.0 is a commercial product most developers will
probably write for it.
The version history of Micro$oft DOS. Includes QDOS, 86-DOS,
MS-DOS and PC-DOS. Sorted by release date and year.
Version Name Release Year Notes
0.1 QDOS August 1980 Made by Seattle Computer.
0.3 86-DOS December 1980 Made by Seattle Computer.
1.0 86-DOS April 1981 Made by Seattle Computer.
1.00 PC-DOS August 1981 IBM first release, basicly the
same as 86-DOS
1.05 PC-DOS - - IBM internal.
1.10 PC-DOS June 1982 Bugfix, double sided floppy drive
support.
1.24 MS-DOS June 1982 The same as PC-DOS v1.10.
1.25 MS-DOS July 1982 The same as PC-DOS v1.10, first
non-IBM release of DOS
2.00 PC-DOS March 1983 For PC/XT, Unix-type subdirectory
support, installable device
drivers, I/O redirection,
subdirectories, harddisk support,
handle calls.
1.85 PC-DOS April 1983 IBM internal, extended v1.10.
2.01 MS-DOS May 1983 First support for individual
country formats, Kanji [ ? ].
2.10 PC-DOS October 1983 For IBM PCjr, bugfixes for 2.0.
No country support.
2.11 MS-DOS December 1983 Basically a cross of PC-DOS 2.10
and MS-DOS 2.01.
2.12 MS-DOS - 1983 Special version for TI pro.
3.00 PC-DOS August 1984 1.2 meg drive for PC/AT, some new
system calls, new external
programs, 16-bit FAT, specific
support for IBM network.
3.05 MS-DOS November 1984 First Non-IBM release of version
3.x.
3.10 PC-DOS November 1984 Bugfix for 3.0, implemented
generic network support.
2.25 MS-DOS October 1985 Extended foreign language
support.
3.20 PC-DOS January 1986 720k 3.5 inch drive support,
special support for laptops
(IBM PC Convertible), XCOPY.
Several localized versions
released, both MS-DOS and PC-DOS.
4.00 MS-DOS April 1986 Multitasking (Europe only) -
withdrawn from market after a
very short run.
3.30 PC-DOS April 1987 For PS/2 series, 1.44 meg support,
multiple DOS partition support,
code page switching, improved
foreign language support, some
new function calls, support for
the AT's CMOS clock.
3.31 MS-DOS November 1987 Over-32 meg DOS partitions.
Different versions from different
OEMs (not Micro$oft). Compaq and
Wyse are most common.
3.40 PC-DOS - 1988 Internal IBM - not released (4.0
development).
2.11R MS-DOS - 1988 Bootable ROM DOS for Tandy
machines.
4.00 PC-DOS August 1988 32mb disk limit officially
broken, minor EMS support, more
new function calls, enhanced
network support for external
commands. PCjr support dropped.
4.01 MS-DOS December 1988 Micro$oft version with some
bugfixes.
3.21R MS-DOS September1989 DOS in ROM, Flash File System for
laptops.
3.3R MS-DOS - 1990 DOS in ROM, introduced for TI
laptops.
5.00 MS-DOS June 1991 High memory support, uses up to 8
hard disks, command line editor
and aliasing, 2.88 floppies,
ROMable OEM kit available.
5.02 PC-DOS August? 1992 Version that can run on other
computers then IBM build.
V MS-DOS February 1993 Japanese-market version of 5,
with double byte Kanji character
support.
6.00 MS-DOS March 1993 Disk compression (Doublespace),
multiple configurations in
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT.
6.00 PC-DOS August? 1993 -
6.20 MS-DOS September1993 Rewrite of Doublespace.
6.21 MS-DOS - 1994 -
6.22 MS-DOS May 1994 New disk compression (Drivespace).
6.30 PC-DOS - - -
7.00 MS-DOS August 1995 This version is included with
Windows95.
7.10 MS-DOS August 1996 This version is included with
Windows95b OSR2.
[source:[email protected]]
__________________________________________________________
zeroG artlab rotterdam: {BULLETINE}
contact_1: Károly Tóth ([email protected])
contact_2: Veronika László ([email protected])
phone_1: +31 (0)10 2400390
phone_2: +31 (0)10 2400391
__________________________________________________________
0G is an independent art-lab.
We are in an evolving process of exchage with initiatives
of individuals and institutions, based on mutual sympathy.
__________________________________________________________
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